IEEE Writing and Citation Style

This is a numerical citation style, where the first reference to be cited is 1, the second is 2, etc. If you cite a reference more than one time, you use the number that you already assigned to it. This type of citation style can be difficult to update, so consider a reference manager.

Each number maps to a resource in the reference list. The entry in the reference list provides all the information needed to find the resource.

When referencing one reference:

This sentence needs a reference [1].

Sometimes, there are a few references in a citation:

For more information, use the IEEE Reference Guide.

If you think of the reference section like a table, the reference numbers have their own column. They are the first or left column. The rest of the reference would be in the second column.

All reference end with a period unless the reference ends with a URL. References might not have all the information that is listed, but be sure to include all the information needed to find your reference.

The most common citation is paraphrasing a sentence from a reference.

Darwin believes the strongest will survive [1].

The ideas of others are intermingled with your ideas and maybe some ideas of others.

Darwin believes the strongest will survive [1]. This concept is shown each day when traveling on the interstate. According to George Carlin, driving is judged upon your current speed [2]. Slower drivers are idiots and faster drivers are maniacs [2]. As difficult as it is to admit, a fair amount of drivers would find me to be an idiot.

That being said, many factors effect driving behavior. Exhaustion and aggressive driving are two examples. Lee and Chung have studied driver facial cues to detect level of awareness [3]. This vision system views the entire face including the mouth. I would not want want of these systems in my car because I would not want others to know what I have said to other drivers on the road.

Regarding aggressive drivers, Lashkov and Kashevnik studied heart rate and hand movements [4]. I wouldn't want this in my car either for obvious reasons. A U.S. patent was granted that could detect driver gestures [5], so this concept is not far from reality. IBM has developed an API to detect driver behaviors, such as harsh acceleration, speeding, and fatigued driving, that can be used with other software [6].

The most important thing to do when you are using someone else's idea is to make it 100% clear whose idea it is.

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